Temple of Edfu
The Temple of Edfu is an Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in Edfu, Upper Egypt. The inscriptions on its walls provide important information on language, myth, and religion during the Hellenistic period in Egypt.
- Location
- Edfu, Upper Egypt
- Period
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Dedicated to
- Horus (identified as Apollo under interpretatio graeca)
- Known for
- Best preserved ancient Egyptian temple; inscribed building texts and Sacred Drama scenes
Lore & Background
It was built on the site of an earlier, smaller temple also dedicated to Horus, which was oriented east–west rather than north–south. A ruined pylon lies just to the east, with inscriptional evidence of building programs under Ramesses I, Seti I, and Ramesses II. A naos of Nectanebo II from an earlier building is preserved in the inner sanctuary.
Reader's Guide
The Temple of Edfu is the largest temple dedicated to Horus and Hathor of Dendera. Its inscribed building texts preserve details of construction and the mythical interpretation of the temple as the Island of Creation. Important scenes and inscriptions of the Sacred Drama relate the conflict between Horus and Seth. The creation myth, found on the perimeter walls, describes the world covered by water, reeds growing with the help of a falcon, and the first temple designed by Thoth and Seshat. Its courtyard columns provided the model for Temple Works in Holbeck, Leeds.
Did You Know?
- The creation myth on its walls describes the first temple designed by the gods Thoth and Seshat.
- The courtyard columns at Edfu were closely copied in the frontage of Temple Works in Leeds.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Temple of Edfu?
It is an ancient Egyptian temple situated on the west bank of the Nile in Edfu, Upper Egypt. Built during the Ptolemaic Kingdom, it stands as one of the most intact religious structures surviving from antiquity.
Which deity is the Temple of Edfu dedicated to?
The temple honors the falcon god Horus, who was also identified with the Greek god Apollo through the practice of interpretatio graeca. This dual dedication reflects the cultural blending of the Hellenistic era in Egypt.
What do the inscriptions on the Temple of Edfu depict?
The wall texts and reliefs document the Sacred Drama of Horus, along with extensive building records and religious narratives. They serve as a key source for understanding language, mythology, and worship practices during the Hellenistic period in Egypt.
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